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}} Hendrik Johannes Cruijff OON (, born 25 April 1947), known as Johan Cruyff, is a former Dutch professional footballer and manager, who most recently managed the Catalonia football team. As a player he won the Ballon d'Or three times, in 1971, 1973 and 1974, a record jointly held with French playmaker Michel Platini and Dutch striker Marco van Basten.〔("European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or")" ). RSSSF. Retrieved 13 January 2015〕 Cruyff was one of the most famous exponents of the football philosophy known as Total Football explored by Rinus Michels, and is widely regarded to be one of the greatest players in football history.〔('FIFA Classic Player: The Netherlands' Grand Master'' ). FIFA.com. Retrieved 14 July 2014〕〔(''Classic Players - Johan Cruyff - I was there'' ). FIFA.com; retrieved 14 July 2014.〕〔(The Best x Players of the Century/All-Time ). Rsssf.com (5 February 2001); retrieved 18 January 2013. (''Ossie Ardiles: Perfect XI'' ), FourFourTwo.com; retrieved 12 June 2014. . Elgrancampeon.com.ar; retrieved 28 October 2013. ("Interview: Alex Ferguson" ). Newstatesman.com. Retrieved on 18 January 2013.〕 In the 1970s, Dutch football rose from near obscurity to become a powerhouse in the sport.〔The Netherlands made their first appearance at the World Cup final tournament in 1934. After a second appearance in 1938 they did not appear in another World Cup until 1974. As Simon Kuper (in “Holland, a Country of Clubs”) noted: “The mere fact that almost everyone in Holland plays football cannot itself explain the country's success. Until the 1970s Dutch football was mediocre. Holland would occasionally lose to Luxembourg, and considered their main rivals to be Belgium.”〕 Cruyff led the Netherlands to the final of the 1974 FIFA World Cup and received the Golden Ball as player of the tournament.〔("The Netherlands' Grand Master" ). FIFA.com. Retrieved 15 May 2014〕 At club level, Cruyff started his career at Ajax where he won eight Eredivisie titles and three European Cups. In 1973 he moved to FC Barcelona for a world record transfer fee, winning La Liga in his first season and was named European Footballer of the Year. After retiring from playing in 1984, Cruyff became highly successful as manager of Ajax and later FC Barcelona; he remains an influential advisor to both clubs. His son Jordi has also gone on to play football professionally. In 1999, Cruyff was voted European Player of the Century in an election held by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics, and came second behind Pelé in their World Player of the Century poll.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=IFFHS' Century Elections )〕 He came third in a vote organised by the French magazine ''France Football'' consulting their former Ballon d'Or winners to elect their Football Player of the Century.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 The Best x Players of the Century/All-Time )〕 He was chosen on the World Team of the 20th Century in 1998, the FIFA World Cup Dream Team in 2002, and in 2004 was named in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players. Considered to be one of the most influential figures in football history,〔("Football philosopher" ). Sky Sports. ("Johan Cruyff remains one of football's romantics, says Miguel Delaney" ). ESPN. ("Pass Master" ). Sky Sports. ("I try to instill what I learned from Cruyff" ). MARCA. ("Without Him There Would Be No Lionel Messi, Xavi, Andres Iniesta Or Pep Guardiola' - Why Barcelona's Modern Success Is Thanks To Dutch Legend Johan Cruyff" ). Goal.com. ("Swansea manager Michael Laudrup dismisses talk about future" ). Sky Sports; accessed 24 October 2015.〕〔Some pundits go further to consider Cruyff as the most influential figure in modern football. Dietrich Schulze-Marmeling, the author of first biography of Johan Cruyff in German (''Der König und sein Spiel: Johan Cruyff und der Weltfußball''), concluded that Cruyff has been the single most influential figure in football history, as no one made a bigger impact as a player and manager.〕 Cruyff's style of play and his football philosophy has significantly influenced many notable managers and players such as Frank Rijkaard, Pep Guardiola, Michael Laudrup, Arsène Wenger, Eric Cantona and Xavi.〔("How influence of Johan Cruyff has helped Michael Laudrup to success" ). The Independent; accessed 24 October 2015. ("Arsenal are the sole true heirs to Cruyff's glorious vision" ). ''The Guardian''. ("Eric Cantona: Perfect XI" ), FourFourTwo.com, 7 March 2007. ("Xavi: I'm a footballing romantic" ). FIFA.com. ("Dennis Bergkamp defends Arsène Wenger's beautiful vision" ), ''The Daily Telegraph''; accessed 24 October 2015. ("I'm a romantic, says Xavi, heartbeat of Barcelona and Spain" ). ''The Guardian'', 11 February 2011.〕 Ajax and Barcelona are among the clubs that have developed youth academies based on Cruyff's coaching methods.〔("'Wenger won't change his way'' ). Sky Sports. Retrieved 30 May 2014 (''Dutch seeds of Barcelona success'' ). Fox Sports. Retrieved 30 May 2014〕 His coaching philosophy helped lay the foundations for the revival of Ajax's international successes in the 1990s.〔('Johan Cruyff: The Total Voetballer'' ). Back Page Football (14 September 2011); retrieved 30 May 2014. ('Johan Cruyff’s legacy lives at both rivals Ajax and Barcelona'' ), TheNational.ae, 17 September 2013; retrieved 30 May 2014.〕 Spanish football's successes at both club and international level during the years 2008 to 2012 have been cited by many as evidence of Cruyff's impact on contemporary football.〔("Dutch heroes on the sidelines will be an inspiration, not intimidation" ), ''The Independent''; accessed 24 October 2015. ("A Dutch Great Helped Transform Spain’s Game" ), nytimes.com, 11 July 2010. ("World Cup final: Johan Cruyff sowed seeds for revolution in Spain's fortunes" ), ''The Daily Telegraph''; accessed 24 October 2015. ("Recognition of the man who created a style" ), fcbarcelona.cat; accessed 24 October 2015. ("Transcript of Jurgen Klinsmann, Sunil Gulati teleconferenc" ), nypost.com, 1 August 2011; accessed 24 October 2015. ("Barcelona and the gospel of Guardiola" ), guardian.com, 29 April 2012; accessed 24 October 2014. ("Reinventing the wheel: How Guardiola revolutionized football" ), CNN.com, 28 May 2012. ("Football culture: Who are you? Warrior or tika taka technician?" ), CNN.com, 27 June 2012. ("Klinsmann assesses early U.S. camp, updates on Donovan, more" ). Si.com, 17 January 2013. ("The hunt for Bayern's old fox Jupp Heynckes" ), dw.de; accessed 24 October 2015. ("Cruyff the man behind Barcelona's success, says Guardiola" ), Goal.com, 1 May 2013.〕 ==Early life== Hendrik Johannes (Johan) Cruijff was born on 25 April 1947 in Amsterdam, in a street five minutes away from the AFC Ajax's stadium, his first football club. Johan was the second son of Hermanus Cornelis Cruijff and Petronella Bernarda Draaijer from a humble, working-class background in east Amsterdam. Cruyff, encouraged by his influential football-loving father and his close proximity in Akkerstraat to the De Meer Stadium, played football with his schoolmates and older brother, Henny, whenever he could, and idolised the prolific Dutch dribbler, Faas Wilkes. In 1959, Cruyff's father died from a heart attack. Viewing a potential football career as a way of paying tribute to his father, the passing inspired rather than deterred the strong-willed Cruyff. His mother began working at AFC Ajax as a cleaner, deciding that she could no longer carry on at the grocer without her husband, and in the future, this would make Cruyff near-obsessed with financial security but would also give him an appreciation for player aids. His mother would soon meet her second husband, Henk Angel, who was a field hand at Ajax and would prove a key influence in Cruyff’s life too. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Johan Cruyff」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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